Electrical Conductivity (EC)

Electrical Conductivity (EC)

Procedure 

Took 20gm soil in a 100 ml beaker and Added 50ml distilled water. Then kept it for 1 hour and took reading by EC meter at room temperature.

pH

Procedure 

Took 20gm soil in a 100 ml beaker and Added 50ml distilled water. Then kept it for 1 hour and took reading by pH meter at room temperature.

Organic Carbon

Reagents:-   (1) 1N K2Cr2O7- 49gm K2Cr2O7 dissolved in 1 litter distilled water.

                      (2) Diphenyl amine – 0.5gm diphenyl amine +80ml concentrated    H2So4 + 20ml distilled water and made up the volume 100ml.

                     (3) 0.5N ferrous ammonium sulfate – 196.07gm FeSo4 (NH4)2 +15ml concentrated H2So4 and made the volume up to 1litter with distilled water, and kept it on hot plate to dissolve.

Procedure 

 

1gm of soil (sieved) was taken in 500ml beaker/flask and 10ml k2cr2o7 was added. 20ml of concentrated H2So4 was added, then added 200ml distilled water and kept for 1/2 hour, after that added orthophosphoric acid, and 0.2gm NaF(Sodium Fluoride) was added, t hen added 5-10 drops of Diphenyl Amine Indicator, And then it was titrated with 0.5N ferrous ammonium sulfate. At the end point greenish color was obtained. 

Available Nitrogen 

Reagents:-     (1)  0.32% Kmno4 -3.2gm Kmno4 in 1litter distilled water.

                       (2)  2.5% NaoH – 25gm NaoH in 1litter distilled water.

                       (3)  20gm boric acid in 500ml distilled water +2.5ml mixed indicator and added NaoH 2-3 drops to maintained pH 4.5 

Procedure 

10gm of soil was took and 20ml distilled water was added then 100ml 0.32% Kmno4 was added after that 100ml of 2.5% NaoH was added and then carried out distillation and added 10ml boric acid after that titrated with 0.1N H2So4

Phosphorus 

Reagents:-     (1) 4N NH4OH –  26.6ml NH4OH in 100ml volumetric flask with  distilled water.

                        (2) 4N HCl – 33.3ml of concentrated HCl in 100 ml volumetric flask and made up the volume with distilled water.

                       (3) 2-4 dinitrophenol – Dissolved 0.250gm of 2-4 dinitrophenol in 100ml volumetric flask with distilled water and warm up. 

                       (4) 0.5M NaHCo3 – Dissolved 42gm of NaHCo3 in 1000ml volumetric flask. Made up the volume and adjusted the pH 8.5 with NaOH.

                       (5) Ammonium molybdate  - dissolved 15gm of  Ammonium molybdate in 300ml distilled water warm the solution and then added 291ml concentrated HCl and made up the volume to 1000ml.

                       (6) Stannous chloride – dissolved 0.500gm of Sncl2.2H2O in 1.25ml concentrated HCl and made up the volume to 66ml with distilled water.

Procedure 

2.5gm of soil sample was took in a beaker ,added 50ml NaHCo3 ,and added a pinch of charcoal/carbon black and placed it on shaker for 1 hour. After shaking filter it by whatman filter paper No.40 after that took 5ml filtrate in 50ml volumetric flask, and added 2-3 drops of 2-4 dinitrophenol indicator,after adding indicator solution became yellow, then 4N HCl or NH4OH was added drop by drop to adjusted the pH. After adding HCl solution became colorless, and then 10ml ammonium molybdate was added , after that 0.5ml of SnCl2.H2O was added and made up the volume up to 50ml with distilled water. After that took reading of that solution with uv Spectrophotometer at 660 nm.